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ELECTROLYTIC PREPARATION OF PIGMENTS 47 ammonia which is formed by cathodic reduction of the nitric acid, because the separation can be effected in a similar manner from a solution of the chlorides of the rare earths. A mercury cathode and a platinum or carbon anode were employed, and a voltage of 8-10 volts. It was further shown that when a diaphragm is employed so that no am- monia is produced by reduction of nitric acid the earths are still separated as before. Nitrate solutions are pre- ferable because the deposition of the hydroxides takes place with considerably greater velocity than when chloride solutions are employed. PYROPHORIC ALLOYS. During an investigation of the alloys deposited by elec- trolysis from mixtures of metallic salts, R Kremann * and his co-workers have found that solutions of ferrous sulphate and magnesium chloride in glycerol-water mixtures con- taining about 75 per cent, of glycerol, deposit, when electrolysed, a pyrophoric mixture. This consists of iron and magnesium oxides together with carbon and hydrogen. One such cathode deposit had the following composition : iron 34'20, magnesium 8'45, carbon 5*26, hydrogen 1*98, and oxygen 50 per cent. When the ratio of ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) to magnesium chloride (MgCl2) is 0*76, the deposit shows pyrophoric pro- perties, and these become more pronounced as the ratio increases to 1*25, after which they diminish and entirely 1 Monats., 1914,35,1387; 1917,38,91.PDF Image | MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS
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