MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS

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MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS ( manufacture-chemicals-by-electrolysis )

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ELECTRO-OSMOTIC AND ELECTBO-COLLODIAL PROCESSES 51 ful, penetrate the diaphragms under the influence of the current and pass out of the tanning liquid. 1 Silicic acid, in a form which is soluble and chemically pure, can be obtained by employing a divided cell with alkffli silicate in the anode compartment. Perforated electrodes are fitted against the diaphragm wall, and during electrolysis alkali diffuses into the cathode compartment whilst silicic acid remains in the anode compartment. Hydrated silica is thus separated in a pure form specially suitable for stabilising colloids. 2 Purified alumina ising crude alkali aluminate with sulphuric acid, and then placing the gelatinous mass in a space which is separated from anode and cathode by diaphragms. During electro- lysis the alkali is expelled from the alumina and passes to the cathode. In another process for the electrolytic lixiviation of 3 animal, vegetable, and mineral substances, electrically active material is extracted by causing the liquor, in which the substance is suspended, to travel backwards a n d for- wards through perforated electrodes. The negative and positive constituents collect at their respective electrodes. A short account of the technical applications of electro- capillary processes has been given recently by W. C. McC. 4 Lewis, in which mention is made of many of the above processes. The phenomenon of electro-osmosis has been investigated 12 Fr. Pat. 471678 (1914). Eng. Pat. 6727 (1915). »D.R.P.294=667(1915). *J.Soc.Ohm.Ind.% 1916,575. is prepared in a similar way by neutral-

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