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54 THE MANUFACTUKE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS against the utilisation of the methods in industrial chemistry, but fortunately it is possible to dispense with platinum in most cases, and an aqueous emulsion of an organic compound can be reduced efficiently, provided the electrolyte be thoroughly stirred during the process. Such aqueous electrolytes are good conductors, and by excluding organic solvents the electrical energy costs can be reduced to the dimensions of commercial requirements. T H E KEDTJCTION OF NITRO-COMPOTJNDS. When reduced by electrolysis, nitrobenzene and its homologues yield the same products as may be obtained by the various chemical methods of reduction. Aniline, azobenzene, azoxybenzene, hydrazobenzene, andjp-amino- phenol, as well as phenylhydroxylamine, can thus be ob- tained from nitrobenzene, and most, if not all, of these products could be prepared satisfactorily on an industrial scale by electrolysis, by adjusting the manner of working so that economy of energy is combined with maximum yields. Many of these products demand a comparatively high price, so that low power cost is not so important in this class of manufacture as high percentage yields. 1 In concentrated sulphuric acid solution, Gattermann and his co-workers have shown that with platinum cathodes aminohydroxy-bodies result. With diaphragm cells in which the cathode compartment is separated from the anode, they found that all nitro-compounds in which the l Ber.t 1893,26,1844,2810; 1894,27,1927.PDF Image | MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS
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