MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS

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MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS ( manufacture-chemicals-by-electrolysis )

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60 THE MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTBOLYSIS was surrounded by a larger vessel containing sodium acetate dissolved in 70 per cent, alcohol, and the nitro- compound. A nickel gauze cathode surrounded the porous 2 pot, and with a current density of 10-16 amps, per dm. , a 90 per cent, yield of azobenzene was obtained. Further reduction gave hydrazobenzene, but it was found advisable to lower the current density for this stage to 2-3 amps, 2 per dm. This work was extended by Elbs and his pupils, and 2 the processes were protected by patents. alcohol was dispensed with and aqueous caustic soda 3 employed. 10 per cent, aqueous sodium hydroxide may be reduced with a cathode of lead or nickel in a porous earthenware For example, an emulsion of nitrobenzene in cell, with a current density of 10-12 amps, per dm. 2 An anode of graphite or lead may be employed in an outer containing vessel filled with sodium hydroxide solution or sodium sulphate. Azo- or hydrazobenzene is obtained according to the quantity of electricity passed through, and the azobenzene emulsion can be transformed into benzi- dine by acidifying the cathode liquor and completing the 4 reduction. According to another patent the diaphragm is not essential, and the alkaline emulsion of nitro-compound can i ZeitscK Elekttrochem., 1898,5,113; 1900, 7,133,141, 335 ; 1902,8,789. a D.B.P. 100233,100234 (1898). *Ibid. 116467,116942 (1899); 121900 (1900); 130742 (1901). tZeitscK. EUktroch&m., 1900, 7, 320, 333, 597. 5 P .B.P . 141535 (1903) j Eng. Pat, 15750 (1915), 6 Subsequently 1

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