MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS

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MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS ( manufacture-chemicals-by-electrolysis )

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ELBGTKOLYTIO KEDUCTION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 63 sulphuric acid solution, at temperatures below 20°C, with 2 a cathode current density of 16 amps, per dm. Aliphatic amines are obtained by reducing aldehyde- ammonia compounds in neutral or ammoniacal solution, or the aldehyde mixed with ammonia or ammonium salts 1 BEDUOTION OF COMPOUNDS CONTAINING THE CAEBONTL GROUP . Eetones are converted by electrolytic reduction into 2 secondary alcohols or pinacones. A mercury cathode gives a good yield of the former class, but other cathodes 3 give a mixture of the two compounds. 4 Tafel has shown the value of a mercury cathode for obtaining a good yield of secondary alcohol in a dilute sulphuric acid electrolyte (40 per cent.). Camphor which contains the carbonyl group gives the secondary alcohol borneol, on reduction. Eeduction of compounds of the uric acid group which contain a carbonyl group results in the conversion of 5 can be electrolysed directly. y C O into ^>CH2. Caffeine, for example, is reduced to deoxycaffeine in 50 per cent, sulphuric acid, and suc- 6 cinimide is reduced under similar conditions to pyrrolidine. Whilst lead cathodes are satisfactory for reducing suc- cinimide, mercury cathodes reduce caffeine more efficiently. 2 34 i D.R.P. 148054 (1904). Zeitsch. BUUrochemn 1902, 8, 783. Ibid. 288. *Zeitsch. Physihal Chem., 1905, 50, 713; 1906, 54, 433. Merck, D.R.P. 113719(1899).

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