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CHAPTEE VII. OXIDATION AND SUBSTITUTION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. ALTHOUGH many substances have been produced by oxidation methods: anthraquinone, vanillin, saccharin; oxidation is not so easily graduated as the reduction pro- cesses. The overvoltage of oxygen is relatively high at most anodes, and frequently the compound to be oxidised is decomposed during treatment and carbon dioxide formed. Generally, conditions can be devised for oxidising alcohols to aldehydes and to acids, and the substituent side chains of aromatic compounds can be converted into aldehyde (OHO) or carboxyl (GOOH) groups. For example o-cresol yields salicylic acid :—* X)H .OH C6H4<; -> C6H4( XN CH3 COOH 2 A good yield of ^-nitrobenzoic acid is obtained from p-nitrotoluene if a lead peroxide anode be employed in a mixture of sulphuric and acetic acids. Investigations upon the oxidation of aromatic side-chains have been 34 conducted by Smith and also by Law and Perkin. 2 g. Pat. 103709 (1917). D.B.P. 117129(1900). 3 * Trans.Farad. Soc, 1904,1,1; 1905,1,251. (65) J. Amer. Ghmi. Soc, 1900, 22, 723.PDF Image | MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS
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