MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS

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MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS ( manufacture-chemicals-by-electrolysis )

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OXIDATION AND SUBSTITUTION OF OBGANIC COMPOUNDS 69 of acetaldehyde and acetic acid, whilst in alkaline solution aldehyde resin is formed. If platinised platinum anodes are used, a high yield of acetaldehyde is obtained, whilst at bright platinum, only acetic acid results. x Propyl alcohol shows a somewhat greater resistance to oxidation. Propionic acid is the chief product, and a good yield is obtained at platinum or lead peroxide anodes in sulphuric acid. Iso-propyl alcohol which is more easily oxidised gives a 70 per cent, yield of acetone. 2 Iso-amyl alcohol is oxidised to iso~valeric acid, and glycol gives glycollic acid, trioxymethylene, and a sugar-like sub- stance. Glycerol gives both glyceric aldehyde and trioxymethy- lene in sulphuric acid with carbon and platinum anodes, but in alkaline solution acrolein and acrylic acid are formed. Mannitol on oxidation gives oxalic acid, trioxymethy- lene, and a sugar-like substance. 4 3 A process was devised some years ago by M. Moest producing alcohol from fatty acids, and by subsequent oxidation the corresponding aldehydes or ketones. For example, an organic acid in the presence of an inorganic acid gives, as chief product, an alcohol containing one carbon atom less than the organic acid. In the presence of sodium chlorate, Moest obtained a yield of 34 per cent, methyl alcohol from sodium acetate, with a current density 2 of 5-20 amps, per dm. , whilst with a current density of 12 Zeitsch. Elektrochem., 1900, 6, 608. *Amer. Chem. J.t 1893,15, 656. 4 Compt. rend., 1876, 82,562. D.B.P. 138442(1903). for

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