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OXIDATION AND SOTSTITUTION OF OEGANIC COMPOUNDS 73 In a similar manner the copper salt of jp-amino-benzoic acid gives benzidine:— 2C6H,< N = NH, • CfiH4 •CGH4 •NH2 + 2CO2. / 2 COO ELECTEOLYSIS WITH ALTEBNATING CURBENT. Electrolytic oxidation may be moderated by super- imposing alternating current upon direct current. 0. 1 Eeitlinger has shown that alternating current diminishes the overvoltage at the anode during electrolysis, and it is thus possible to prepare oxidation products which are not easily obtained by direct current only. Ethyl and propyl alcohols give aldehydes, whereas when oxidised with con- tinuous current only, the principal product is the corre- sponding acid. Prom toluene suspended in dilute sulphuric acid (density 1*22) it is possible to obtain benzaldehyde and benzoic acid if A.C. be superimposed upon D.C., whereas with D.C. only, the toluene is completely oxidised to carbon dioxide and water. Similarly p-benzaldehyde sulphonic acid is obtained from toluene sulphonic acid. By the same method sulphuric acid may be made to yield a considerable quantity of ozone, whilst ammonia may be oxidised to nitrous acid (40 per cent, yield) without the formation of nitric acid. These investigations indicate that we have here a valu- able means of controlling oxidation processes. 1 Zeitsch. EleMrochem., 1014, 20,261.PDF Image | MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICALS BY ELECTROLYSIS
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