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16 Xiao Y. Yan and Derek J. Fray electrowinning is well brines or more commonly seawater, which contains about 0.13 wt% Mg. The Mg2+ ion is precipitated from seawater by addition of CaO (lime), produced by calcining (strong heating) of CaCO3 (limestone or oyster shells). The insoluble Mg(OH)2 is removed by filtration. Acidification of a slurry of this solid and an aqueous MgCl2 solution with HCl converts the Mg(OH)2 to soluble MgCl2, which is recovered as solid MgCl2 by evaporation. This is dried to the hydrate MgCl2.1.5H2O, which is the feedstock to an electrolytic cell in the Dow process. There is a tradeoff between complexity of dehydration operations and anode consumption rates in the Dow process. The cell electrolyte is a molten mixture containing about 25 %MgCl2-15 %CaCl2-60 %NaCl, and the cell is operated between 700 and 750 oC. Schematic diagrams of the conventional I.G. Farben cell and Dow Cell are shown in figures 6(a) and (b), respectively. The decomposition of molten MgCl2 to produce liquid magnesium and Cl2 gas is given by the reaction: MgCl2(l) = Mg(l) + Cl2(g) (9) The reversible cell voltage for Reaction 8 is 2.52 V at 700 °C, in contrast to the typical operating voltage of 4.5-7.2 V at 0.4-0.7 A/cm2 [32].PDF Image | MOLTEN SALT ELECTROLYSIS
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