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20 Xiao Y. Yan and Derek J. Fray oxychlorides are to be avoided in chloride electrolysis because of precipitation causing sludging. In this case, the oxychloride remains soluble in the electrolyte. The cathodic reaction is deposition of magnesium. At the anode, a number of reactions are proposed, but the one that seems dominant at industrial current densities is the oxidation of oxygen accompanied by anode consumption to form CO2. Reaction 17 is thus analogous to Reaction 4 in the HH process for primary aluminium production. The process has been tested on a laboratory scale and in pilot cells, but there are still many unanswered questions. Sometimes, chlorine evolution occurs at the anode and ore research is required to determine commercial viability. Pal et al. developed the solid oxide membrane (SOM) process for green synthesis of metals, including magnesium, from oxides by molten salt electrolysis [41]. The electrolytic cell is shown in figure 8. The SOM process is an energy efficient alternative for oxide electrolysis using a solid-oxygen-ion-conducting stabilized ZrO2 electrolyte (membrane) that separates the anode from the electrolyte melt containing the oxide of the metal to be reduced. If the membrane is chemically and electrochemically inert in contact with the melt, then it can be regarded as part of an inert anode structure. An inert cathode is placed in the melt. On application of cell voltage between the anode and the cathode greater than the dissociation potential of the oxide to be reduced but less than that of ZrO2 and undesired oxides, the desired metal cations are reduced at the cathode, and the oxygen ions transfer through the membrane and are electrochemically oxidised at the anode. Figure 8. Schematic diagram of molten salt electrowinning cell with the solid oxide membrane (SOM) for magnesium production [41]. For magnesium synthesis from MgO, Krishnan et al. reported the recent success of the SOM process for magnesium production from MgO dissolved in molten (55.5 wt%MgF2- CaF2)-10 wt%MgO electrolyte at 1150 °C and molten MgF2-10 wt%MgO at 1300 °C [42]. Extrapolation of the results showed that for a SOM cell with an output of 2 tonne per day, the electrowinning was operated at 1 A/cm2, with the cell voltage of 4.5-5.5 V and the powerPDF Image | MOLTEN SALT ELECTROLYSIS
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