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WEFTEC®.06 Figure 3 Typical Bipolar Electrode Configurations As the number of cells in series in increased the product concentration increases. At concentrations above 2.0 grams per liter (0.2%) operating current efficiency falls below 80% regardless of the variable combination employed. This reduction in efficiency translates to increased power consumption. A high product concentration does not increase disinfection performance nor does it improve the system cost structure. The need for the electrolyzer cell and DC rectifier is obvious since, without both pieces of equipment, no electrolysis is possible. The following narrative is a discussion of the ancillary equipment to the cell/rectifier combination. It is not essential for on-site generation systems to include a water softener and have high quality salt for the cell-rectifier system to function. However, if these recommendations are not followed, the cathodic deposits from the salt and water may accumulate in the cell. These deposits will close the electrode gap, causing reduced electrolysis and electrode degradation. Consequently, frequent acid cleaning is necessary to protect the electrodes. Otherwise, a probable reduction in cell electrode life could result. Such deposits retain an alkaline layer on the anode surface that renders the coating inactive. This coating activity loss is referred to as ‘coating passivation’. Cell cleaning is an essential part of a system maintenance program. Salt and water contain calcarious material which reacts with the cathodic alkaline layer. Calcium and magnesium are the elemental materials that cause the deposits. The predominant deposit in on-site generation systems is calcium carbonate. These different deposits are caused by differences in the cell feed brine. Brine system feed has high calcium levels and essentially a somewhat neutral pH since drinking water is the source water. Although both deposit forms are easily removed by hydrochloric acid, the carbonate form in the on-site generation system is more quickly dissolved shortening the cleaning cycle. Most electrolysis systems are supplied with an acid cleaning system consisting of a tank, pump, and associated piping and valves. Please note that cell cleaning must be performed on the schedule recommended by the electrochlorinator vendor to assure an adequate life from the electrolyzer cell system. Copyright ©2006 Water Environment Foundation. All Rights Reserved 6339PDF Image | On-Site Sodium Hypochlorite Generation
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