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8 7 III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, Vol. 4, No. 5, October 2013 10 11 9 1 32 4 56 1. Reactor 2. Anode (Graphite) 3. Cathode (Stainless Steel) 4. Connector 5. NaCl Solution (Catholyte) 6. NaCl Solution (Anolite) 7. Bubbler of KI Solution 12 500 V 13 conductivity in solution. Higher conductivity may cause the electrons move easily so that the chance of collisions between species in the solution increases [6], [7]. This collision makes the scattered energy becomes larger so that the radicals formed by the excitation of electrons in the ions are more [8]. B. The Effect of Voltage in Chlorine Gas Production Fig. 3 shows the production of chlorine for 15 minutes of testing at a voltage of 500 V, 600 V and 700 V. At a concentration of 0.1 M NaCl, the production of chlorine gas is relatively low at 0.05 mmol, 0.09 mmol, and 0.16 mmol. This is due to the unstable formation of plasma and more dominant electrolysis process. At a concentration of 0.2 M NaCl, the production of chlorine gas is higher than 0.1 M that is 0.11 mmol, 0.48 mmol, and 0.86 mmol. At this concentration, the plasma formed was not stable. However, the signs are formed plasma looks more stable than at a concentration of 0.1 M NaCl. At a concentration of 0.3 M NaCl, the production of chlorine is 1.96 mmol, 2.34 mmol, and 3.54 mmol. At a concentration of 0.4 M NaCl, the production of chlorine is 2.16 mmol, 5.66 mmol, and 6.24 mmol. Whereas at a concentration of 0.5 M NaCl, the highest chlorine production reach 5.78 mmol, 10.13 mmol, and 11.25 mmol From the results obtained, the higher the voltage, the higher the chlorine produced. It is because of the plasma formed more stable and able to trigger more radicals that accelerate the rate of reaction in chlorine formation. Joule heating effect that will get bigger with the higher voltage affects plasma stability. This is due to the conversion of electrical energy into heat energy that makes the solution around the electrode evaporate (local vaporization solvent) to form gas sheath [9]. The formation of gas bubbles will trigger the collision between the gas bubbles with an electrical charge so that scattering of energy occurs and let the formation of plasma [10]. 13. Slide Regulator Fig. 1. Equipment configuration 8. Hydrogen Analyzer 9. Thermometer 10. Ampere-meter 11. Diode “Bridge” 12. Transformer 220V A. The Effect of NaCl Concentration in Chlorine Gas Production The effect of concentration in chlorine gas production is shown in Fig. 2. Using 500 V as cell-voltage, the highest chlorine production is 5.78 mmol for15 minutes at 0.5 M NaCl. The lower concentration will also produce lower chlorine gas such as 0.05 mmol, 0.11 mmol, 1.96 mmol, and 2.16 mmol for 0.1 M, 0.2 M, 0.3 M, and 0.4 M NaCl respectively. For 600 V, chlorine produced is 0.09 mmol, 0.48 mmol, 2.34 mmol, 5.66 mmol, and 10.13 mmol for each concentration from 0.1 to 0.5 M NaCl respectively. Furthermore, for 700 V, chlorine produced is 0.16 mmol, 0.86 mmol, 3.54 mmol, 6.24 mmol, and 11.25 mmol respectively. 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0.1 M 0.2 M 0.3 M 0.4 M 0.5 M 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 500 V 600 V 700 V 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Fig. 3. Variation of voltage in chlorine gas production for 15 minutes at 70 – 80oC From the results of voltage and concentration variation, it can be seen that the role of concentration over a major effect on the amount of chlorine gas product results. Both variables contributed each in the process of production of chlorine gas with the plasma electrolysis method. However, both have different influences. The voltage affects the plasma formation that in turn influences the formation of radical species in solution. However, the quantity of chlorine gas generated is more influenced by how much of the available chlorine in NaCl Concentration (M) Fig. 2. The production of chlorine as a function of NaCl concentration within 15 minutes at 70 – 80oC Higher concentrations make the number of available chlorine in solution more. This can lead to the formation of chlorine radicals so that increased the production of chlorine. In addition to the amount of chlorine content in the solution, the higher the concentration will result to the higher 267 Voltage (V) Chlorine Gas (mmol) Chlorine Gas (mmol)PDF Image | Plasma Electrolysis of Chloralkali Production
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