PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 005
The redox potential of V ions at the negative electrode was higher than that of Cr ions, so that hydrogen gas genera- tion was extremely small, which did not need the rebalance system in practical use, this was also a great advantage. The development of V system RF batteries started in Japan in earnest in about 1989 because of these advantages and due to the applicability of the battery technology of the Fe/Cr system. In 1997, Kashima Kita manufactured a 200 kW/800 kWh system on trial(23). KEPCO and Sumitomo Electric manufactured a 450 kW/900 kWh system in 1996(24). Thereafter, the development of small-capacity system for installation at consumers was proceeded(25), (26), and in 2000, a 100 kW/800 kWh system developed for buildings was actually installed in an office building and verification operations were conducted(27), (28). Sumitomo Electric de- veloped practical products in 2001, and supplied products for various uses, such as for load leveling, instantaneous voltage sag compensation, and emergency power supply(29). 4-3 Application cases of an RF battery The applications of an RF battery include not only load leveling, which was the initial aim of the development, but also instantaneous voltage sag compensation and emer- gency power supply at the sites of consumers; stabilization of output fluctuation for natural energy sources such as wind and solar power generation, which is recently becom- ing increasingly common; and frequency regulation in the power system for high-quality electric power supply. Table 3 shows the test systems and practically used systems for which Sumitomo Electric supplied products, along with their application purposes. Following the table, the distinc- tive applications are explained. (1) Load leveling system At first when the development of RF batteries started, the purpose was to develop large-capacity energy storage batteries for installation at power substations, to level the load and improve the load factor; however, the first exam- ple of their practical use was a system installed at a con- sumer. Consumers can reduce the contract electric power and use inexpensive nighttime power by storing power dur- ing nighttime when the demand is low and discharging power from the battery during daytime peak hours to ac- commodate the peak power demand, thus reducing elec- tric charge cost and, in some cases, reducing the size of power-receiving facilities. From the perspective of power suppliers, RF batteries enable power supply facilities to be used more efficiently as they level the electric power load, benefitting both the consumer and the supplier. Photo 1 and 2 show a case of RF battery application at a univer- sity(30). Photo 1 shows battery cubicles that house 12 battery cell stacks installed on the first floor of the storehouse. Photo 2 shows the electrolyte tanks and pumps installed in the basement. Each electrolyte tank, made of rubber, is about 4 m in height and has a net capacity of 31 m3, and each is installed in an iron frame. The system consists of three banks, one of which includes four cell stacks of AC 168 kW × 10 hours in capacity, and has an output of AC 500 kW and a capacity of 5,000 kWh. (2) Case of instantaneous voltage sag compensation system At semiconductor plants and other factories, an instan- taneous voltage sag may damage products in process. Con- Table 3. RF Battery Application Examples Customer or owner Application Output capacity Year of delivery Electric power company Research and development 450 kW × 2H 1996 Office building Research and development (load leveling) 100 kW × 8H 2000 Electric power company Research and development 200 kW × 8H 2000 NEDO Wind power output fluctuation stabilizing verification (single unit) 170 kW × 6H 2000 Constructor Research and development (combination with solar power) 30 kW × 8H 2001 Factory Instantaneous voltage sag compensation, peak-cut control 3 MW × 1.5sec (1.5MW × 1H) 2001 Electric power company Research and development 250kW × 2H 2001 University Load leveling 500 kW × 10H 2001 Laboratory Research and development 42 kW × 2H 2001 Electric power company Research and development 100 kW × 1H 2003 Office building Load leveling 120 kW × 8H 2003 University Instantaneous voltage sag compensation, load leveling 55 kW × 5H 2003 Railway company Research and development (load leveling, instantaneous voltage sag compensation) 30 kW × 3H 2003 Office building Research and development 100 kW × 2H 2003 Data center Instantaneous voltage sag compensation, emergency power supply 300 kW × 4H 2003 Laboratory Load leveling 170 kW × 8H 2004 Office building Load leveling, emergency power supply for fire- fighting equipment 100 kW × 8H 2004 University Load leveling, emergency power supply for fire- fighting equipment 125 kW × 8H 2004 Electric power company Research and development 152 kW × 2.6H 2005 Museum Load leveling, emergency power supply for fire- fighting equipment 120 kW × 8H 2005 Electric power company Research and development (combination with solar power) 100 kW × 4H 2005 NEDO Wind power output fluctuation stabilizing verification (wind farm) 4 MW × 1.5H 2005 8 · Redox Flow Battery for Energy Storage Photo 1. 500 kW System for Load Leveling (Battery Cubicles)PDF Image | Redox Flow Battery for Energy Storage
PDF Search Title:
Redox Flow Battery for Energy StorageOriginal File Name Searched:
73-01.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Salgenx Redox Flow Battery Technology: Power up your energy storage game with Salgenx Salt Water Battery. With its advanced technology, the flow battery provides reliable, scalable, and sustainable energy storage for utility-scale projects. Upgrade to a Salgenx flow battery today and take control of your energy future.
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@salgenx.com (Standard Web Page)