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Aρ A ρHCl fit, 20.46 a fit, 0.39205 mol−1/2 φ HCl(aq) kg−1/2 a1 a2 Bρ B b1 b2 b2,γ b3,γ Cρ c1 c2 Dρ d1 d2 Eρ F Fρ kB MCl MH O membrane conductivity fit, -0.0178 membrane conductivity fit, 0.000389 ρHCl fit, -0.09435 aHCl(aq) fit, 1.4 mol −1/2 kg membrane conductivity fit, 0.891 membrane conductivity fit, 0.00398 aHCl(aq) fit, 0.006 aHCl(aq) fit, -9.7 x 10−5 MHCl m0 p0 R reference molality, 1 mol kg standard pressure, 1 atm ideal gas constant, 8.314 J 2 molecular weight of HCl, 36.461 g 2 mol molecular weight of H2O, 0.0180 kg mol ρHCl fit, 0.00109 membrane conductivity fit, 2.58 membrane conductivity fit, 2.55 ρHCl fit, -1.227 membrane conductivity fit, 4.20 membrane conductivity fit, 2.23 ρHCl fit, 0.01269 Faraday’s constant, 96485 C mol Boltzmann’s constant, 8.617 x 10−5 eV ρHCl fit, -0.000198 molecular weight of Cl2, 70.9 g K mol The Model The purpose of this model is to determine the cell potential, in volts, as a function of mol·K current density, in mA , for a given set of OPs and EPs. In this study, we consider the EPs cm2 and OPs as well as the dependent physical properties that determine cell losses, such as PEM conductivity and chlorine solubility and diffusivity in HCl(aq). Our objectives are to predict cell efficiency and cell power density p as functions of current density and to determine how these functions change as we vary both the OPs and the EPs. The operating efficiency of the cell is a piecewise function of current density i, with one expression for the galvanic direction and a different one for the electrolytic direction. In the galvanic case (which we take as defining positive i), hydrogen and chlorine react to produce hydrochloric acid and electricity. The efficiency is the electrical energy per charge produced (the cell potential E(i)), divided by the electrical energy per charge that could be produced reversibly (the equilibrium potential Eeq). In the electrolytic case (negative i), electrical energy is supplied to split HCl(aq) into H2 and Cl2 for energy storage. Here, the efficiency is the maximum possible electrical energy per charge stored, Eeq, divided by 6PDF Image | Regenerative Hydrogen Chlorine Fuel Cell for Grid-Scale
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