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transport overpotential, ηMT, as the total chlorine overpotential (ηCl, obtained from Eq. 17) minus the activation overpotential (η′ , obtained from Eq. 16, applied to chlorine instead of hydrogen): The simplified mass transport picture is presented in Figure 4. Cl ηMT ≡ηCl−η′ [18] Cl Figure 4: (a) Schematic representation of bubble-train flow in a capillary. Slugs of HCl(aq) separate bubbles of Cl2. The thin HCl(aq) film acts as a diffusion barrier to Cl2 reach- ing the electrode to react. (b) A cross-section of a square capillary exhibiting the cross- sectional bubble profile for capillary number < 0.1 (17). (c) Schematic of Cl2 concentra- tion versus distance from the bubble to the electrode for different current densities. The chlorine enters and exits the cell in two-phase bubble-train flow in a square cross- section channel (Fig. 4a,b). In bubble-train flow, individual gas bubbles are interspersed between slugs of liquid. The bubbles occupy most of the cross-sectional area of the chan- nel (Fig. 4b), but a thin film of HCl(aq) coats the channel wall and separates the gas bubble from the electrode surface. The bubbles are mostly Cl2(g), with small amounts of HCl(g), and are surrounded by hydrochloric acid. Two-phase flow is important for the rHCFC be- 13PDF Image | Regenerative Hydrogen Chlorine Fuel Cell for Grid-Scale
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