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Figure 8: Dependence of performance on deviation from Base Case engineering parame- ters. Maximum power densities are displayed as a function of each engineering parameter withtheothersheldattheBaseEPvalues: iH =250 mA,iCl =10 mA,ε=3μm,and 0 cm2 0 cm2 l = 0.178 cm (7 mil). (a) Chlorine exchange current density, iCl. (b) Nafion membrane 0 thickness, l. (c) Bubble thin film thickness, ε. (d) The cell pressure, pCl2 = pH2 . Base case is circled. The black (upper) dots represent the ”Best OPs” for a given set of EPs, while the red (lower) dots represent the ”Worst OPs” for the same set of EPs. an increase in temperature for better Nafion conductivity. The optimal temperature starts at 8 ◦Cat 1 atm, and increases steadily until it reaches 68 ◦Cat 5 atm. The average “Best OP” molarity over the EP space studied in Figure 8 is 2.3 M with a standard deviation of 0.2 M. This suggests that the most dominant concentration effect is the membrane conductivity, which peaks at around 2.5 M for all temperatures (Fig. 3). While Figure 8 focuses on the effects of varying the individual engineering parameters on the maximum power density, it is also important to understand how varying the EPs would affect the cell power density at high efficiency. From Figure 6a, it is clear that the dominant loss at 90% galvanic efficiency is the chlorine activation overpotential. Thus, 21PDF Image | Regenerative Hydrogen Chlorine Fuel Cell for Grid-Scale
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