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More Optimal EPs Best OPs Figure 11: Cell efficiency as a function of power density for the Base Case EPs and More Optimal Case EPs, both at “Best OPs”. The transition to a dashed line on the Base Case curve highlights an undesirable region of operation, as the efficiency decreases with de- creasing power density. current densities leading to efficiencies exceeding 90%. With increasing current density, ηR eventually overtakes both of the activation losses, and becomes the dominant loss for an extended portion of the current density range. Finally, ηMT kills the cell at the limiting current density of about 10 A . cm2 It is interesting to gauge the importance of the individual engineering parameters as we back them off of their More Optimal values. Decreasing iCl by 25% brings the maxi- 0 mum power down from 5460 mW to 5340 mW . Decreasing iH by 25% has the same effect. cm2 cm2 0 Increasing l by 25% takes the maximum power down to 4980 mW . Increasing ε by 25% cm2 takes the maximum power down to 5100 mW . Finally, the most significant performance re- cm2 duction came from decreasing the gas pressure by 25%, which brings the maximum power to 4700 mW . None of these individual shortcomings would render the cell performance cm2 unacceptable. Summary We have developed a simple model of an rHCFC for a configuration in which the chlorine electrode is exposed to bubble-train flow of reactant Cl2(g) and product HCl(aq). The model analyzes the expected losses from Nafion ohmic loss, Cl2(aq) mass transport through the bubble wall, chlorine activation, and hydrogen activation. We considered the effects of five cell engineering parameters: hydrogen exchange current density, chlorine exchange current density, gas pressure, membrane thickness, and 24PDF Image | Regenerative Hydrogen Chlorine Fuel Cell for Grid-Scale
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