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Kingdom) was poured into the electrolysis unit (1.7 L salt solution in each chamber). Both the cathode and anode which were made of stainless steel 316 were installed and the chamber was closed. Then, current approximately in the range of 2.0 to 2.2 A was subjected to the electrolysis unit. At the end of the electrolysis process, AcEW and AlEW were collected at anode and cathode chambers, respectively. Free and total chlorine test strips 0 – 10 mg/L (Hach, Unites State) were used to estimate the free chlorine and total chlorine content in electrolyzed water. The hydrogen peroxide test strip 0 – 10 mg/L (Macherey- Nagel, Germany) was used to estimate the content of hydrogen peroxide. The pH was measured using a portable pH/mV/ISE meter equipped with pH electrode (Fisher Scientific, USA). Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) was measured using a portable pH/mV/ISE meter equipped with redox electrode (Boeco, Germany). Table 1 shows the reactions involved during the electrolysis process (Al-Haq et al., 2005; Rahman et al., 2016). As shown in Table 1, chlorine and hydrogen peroxide are only generated at the anode chamber which contributes to the AcEW’s properties. Thus, the pH, ORP, free chlorine, total chlorine and hydrogen peroxide are measured for AcEW. Whereas, only pH and ORP were measured for the AlEW. 3. Results and discussion 3.1 Background of the impromptu interview Factory x, a meat processing factory was used in this work. Factory x was chosen as the case study due to the prior research conducted by (Hasnan et al., 2019). Hasnan et al. (2019) proposed a spine plant layout design for the factory x. The suggested spine plant layout that was proposed by Hasnan et al., (2019) was expected to improve the food hygiene and reduce the travelled distances inside this small-scale meat processing factory. After the implementation of the new plant layout, a short visit was conducted. The improved plant layout itself solely cannot improve the hygienic environment of the factory. Thus, during the visit’s meeting, the topic regarding improving the cleaning and sanitation of factory x was discussed. The group meeting was attended by the production manager and the QA/QC manager. They explained the cleaning and sanitation difficulties that they were facing. The meeting took about one and a half hours. Notes were taken during the meeting. After the meeting, two production workers were interviewed individually. The individual interview took about 30 mins each. During the interview and discussion, notes were taken. The finding was determined based on the notes taken and the observation Khalid et al. / Food Research 5 (Suppl. 1) (2021) 47 - 56 49 Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the laboratory-scale batch electrolysis unit: a) front-side view (complete set-up), b) front -side view c) right view, d) top-side view and e) perspective view. 2.3 Stability of electrolyzed water After electrolysis, the changes towards the chemical properties (pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), free chlorine, total chlorine and hydrogen peroxide content) of EW were tested. Then, 100 mL of AcEW and 100 mL of AlEW were stored in a dark brown tightly-screwed closed bottle at room temperature (25-30°C). The amount of pH, ORP, free chlorine, total chlorine and hydrogen peroxide content of EW were measured at every 24 hrs for 7 days according to previous researchers (Hsu and Kao, 2004; Cui, et al., 2009; Khalid et al., 2018). For every 24 hrs, the bottles were opened for approximately 5 mins for analytical measurements. The experiment was repeated for 3 times and each repetition was carried out at different week. 2.4 Analytical measurement of electrolyzed water Table 1. Reactions involve during the electrolysis process (Al-Haq et al., 2005; Rahman et al., 2016) Anode 2NaCl = Cl2 (g) + 2e- + 2Na+ 2H2O(l) = 4H+ (aq) + O2 (g) + 4e- Cl2 + H2O (l) = HCl + HOCl H2O=H+ +∙OH+e- ∙OH + ∙OH = H2O2 • Acidic electrolyzed water is obtained • Chlorine species (HCl, HOCl) are generated • Hydrogen peroxide is generated (H2O2) Cathode 2 H2O2 (l) + 2e- = 2OH- + H2 (g) 2NaCl + 2OH- = 2NaOH + Cl- • • Alkaline electrolyzed water is obtained Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is generated eISSN: 2550-2166 © 2020 The Authors. Published by Rynnye Lyan Resources FULL PAPERPDF Image | Stability of electrolyzed water
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