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Chapter 5 Conclusions and recommendations 5.1 Conclusions In the study of Hummelgård et al. [15], we found that the doping of DSA with Co resulted in activation of the electrode for hydrogen evolution, an effect largely due to increased active surface area. In the study of Sandin et al. [14], we found indications for a mechanistic connec- tion between the homogeneous chlorate formation reaction and the uncatalyzed formation of oxygen during hypochlorite decomposition. Further understanding of this connection might be used to control the selectivity, to enable more selective chlorate formation. Additionally, it was found that the oxygen evolution is third- order with respect to hypochlorite. The rate of the reaction has a maximum at pH 6.5, indicating the involvement of both HOCl and OCl–. We also found indications that higher oxidation states of Ir catalyze chlorate formation. In the theoretical studies of Karlsson et al.[16, 17], we found that doping ru- tile TiO2 with transition metals, including Ru (as in DSA), As, Bi, Co, Ir, Mn, Pd or Ru, activates Ti surface sites for selective electrochemical chlorine evolu- tion. This is a fundamental explanation for the observed experimental selectivity trends of Ru-doped TiO2 (DSA). Furthermore, the finding that doping with ar- senic should result in a high selectivity regardless of whether the As dopant re- sides in the surface CUS active site or close to Ti sites is intriguing, as arsenic is very cheap[17, 262]. In other cases, a higher degree of control of the atomic level arrangement of dopants is required to achieve the results indicated by our predictions. In general, the results show that it seems possible to adjust the elec- 79PDF Image | Studies of Electrode Processes in Industrial Electrosynthesis
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