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Steam Electrolysis Cell Liquor (10-15% Sodium Hydroxide Water Vapor Emissions Condensate to Boiler Sodium Hydroxide (Caustic) Evaporation Salt Removal System (salt columns, centrifuges, cyclones, clarifiers, filters) Primary Product 50% Sodium Hydroxide (1% Nacl) 70-74% Sodium Hydroxide Anhydrous Sodium Hydroxide Caustic Concentration Recovered Salt (NaCl) Caustic Fusion and Flaking Figure 6-5. Sodium Hydroxide (Caustic) Evaporation Process (Sittig 1977, IND CHEM 1990, Chenier 1992, EPA 1992b, Orica 1999) cells, and use more energy. The process also requires as input a very pure brine solution without metal contaminants. There are also environmental consequences to the use of mercury. Through contaminated effluents it can enter the food chain via plankton and accumulate in the adipose tissue of fish. Fish products can then act as a vehicle in conveying mercury compounds with neurotoxic properties (e.g., mercury poisoning). Tremendous improvements in the cell technology have significantly reduced emissions from these plants. However, precautions are taken to prevent releases of mercury to the environment. Liquid effluents from the mercury process are treated with sodium sulfide to remove mercury before any discharge. The mercury compounds are combined with brine treatment sludges for further treatment and disposal. Traces of mercury occur in caustic soda and hydrogen generated from the mercury cell process. These are removed from caustic soda by filtration. With hydrogen, they are removed by cooling followed by absorption with activated carbon (Orica 1999, DOW 1999). 184PDF Image | The Chlor-Alkali Industry
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