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The Chlor-Alkali Industry

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The Chlor-Alkali Industry ( the-chlor-alkali-industry )

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approximately 25 weight percent is produced. Purification is accomplished through two steps: C The addition of Na2CO3 (soda ash) and NaOH (caustic soda) to precipitate Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+, and Al3+ ions C TheadditionofNaOClifthereisanyammonia present, and CaCl2 to eliminate (SO2-)4 ions Sulfate levels in the brine can be controlled by adding calcium chloride to a side stream to precipitate the sulfate as calcium sulfate. The sludge containing this compound can then be removed and disposed of in a landfill. In some cases the brine is evaporated to a solid salt to removesulfates(DOW1999,Orica1999). High Purity Brine Water Hydrogen Gas (H2) Chlorine Gas (Cl2), Oxygen, Water Vapor Cell Liquor (32-35% Sodium Hydroxide) Brine Resaturation Membrane Cell Electricity Liquor Recirculation Recovered Salt (NaCl) 50% Sodium Hydroxide (1% Nacl) Steam/Fuel Sulfuric Acid Solution Activated Carbon Brine Recycle Liquor Evaporation Salt Slurry Chlorine Processing Hydrogen Processing Condensate Liquor Separation Purified Chlorine Purified Hydrogen (IND CHEM 1990, EPA 1992b, EPA 1995a, Orica 1999) Figure 6-7. Membrane Cell Process Key Energy and Environmental Facts - Membrane Cell Process Energy Emissions Effluents Wastes/Byproducts Net Electricity use: 4,375 Btu/lb chlorine 2,565 kWhr/ton chlorine Largest sources - fugitive and point source emissions (chlorine and Freon) Largest source - chlorine processing wastewater (sulfuric acid); ion- exchange wash water. Scrapped cell parts (used membranes, anodes, cathodes) 187

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