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Ci/ Sstcms. Anc. Effect of Pressure The pressure test was used to evaluate the mechanical integrity and performance of the SFWEM design. Figure 23 shows the results of the pressure tests. The data demonstrated that the mechanical construction was sound and that electrical connectors and contacts (electrodes-to-matrix-to-current collectors) were held secure at the elevated pres ures. The increase in the cell voltage at an oper- ating pressure of 1724 kN/m (250 psia) over that observed for ambient pressure operation is as expected. This increase was primarily due to the diffusion rate of water vapor through the H2 cavity which is inversely proportional to the absolute pressure level. Any decrease in the rate of water transport resulted in a decrease in the cell matrix electrolyte volume accompanied by an increase in electrolyte concentration. Both factors adversely affect cell voltage. The increased voltage required to produce a H2 molecule at 9 higher pressure has little effect over the range in pressures investigated. SFWEM Testing Following integration of the SFWEM into the STS, an integrated SFWEM-test facility shakedown test was performed followed by performance characterization tests consisting of a series of parametric tests and a 90-day endurance test. SFWEM-Test Facility Shakedown Test The objective of the SFWEM-test facility shakedown test was to eliminate infancy- type failures common to first-time-operation of integrated test setups. During this test failures of the two backpressure regulators occurred. The causes of the failures were traced to improper assembly at the vendor's plant. Following repair and adjustments to the regulators, the shakedown testing was successfully completed by demonstrating eight hours of continuous operation. Module Parametric Tests A series of parametric tests were performed to experimentally characterize SFWEM performance as a function of pertinent operating parameters. Module and cell voltages were to be investigated as a function of (a) current density (323 mA/m (300 ASF)) and operating tempe ature (ambient to 366K (200F)), (b) operating pressure (ambient to 1724 kN/m (250 psia)), (c) process fluid pressure differ- ential (34 kN/m (5 psid)), and (d) cyclic on-off operation, six hours per day for a five day period. Throughout the testing emphasis was placed on observing any factors that resulted in minimizing cell voltage, feed water degassing requirements and aerosol formation. Effects of Current Density and Temperature. The combined effects of current density over a range of 108 to 538 mA/cm2 (100500 ASF) and operating temperature from ambient to 366K (200F) on the performance of the SFWEM were investigated. The results are shown in Figure 24. The data shows that the cell voltage decreases for increases in temperature or decreases in current density. The results indicated an average 2.6 mV/K (1.4 mV/F) decrease in cell voltage over the rangePDF Image | WATER ELECTROLYSIS MODULE
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