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Membranes 2022, 12, 602 14 of 18 Nafion®117 >0.9 Nafion®911 1.1 Neosepta CMX 1.5–1.8 Neosepta AMX 1.4–1.7 Fuji AEM 1.4–1.8 Zirfon® - BN/PTFE - Table 1. Main characteristics of the used ion-exchange membranes in the electrolysis cell. Membrane IEC (mmol/g) Km (mS/cm) ~100 62.5 13.4 12.6 9.11 37.8 in NaCl 1 M 80.2 in KOH WU (%) 11 13 25–30 25–30 24% 31% 33% Tm (μm) Permselectivity 183 - 213 >97 140–200 >98 120–180 >98 160 95 500 - 400 - References [35,36] This work [37,38] [39,40] [41,42] [43] This work It should be noted that even after 8 h of operation, we did not observe any noticeable exothermic effect in the three solutions (+5 ◦C at most). Open-air cooling appears to be sufficient to maintain a temperature close to room temperature. By using the BN/PTFE composite membrane on both anodic and cathodic sides at a current density of 16.6 mA.cm−2, the hypochlorite generation cell has attained its maximum production. It has yielded about 260 mM of HClO after 8 h of operation. Indeed, per unit of time, the amount of retro-diffusion becomes more important than the amount produced by the current. Due to this, we could not attain more than this efficiency that can be attributed to the porosity of the membrane, which has been already demonstrated and confirmed by SEM images (Figure 5). Membranes 2022, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW The phenomenon of retro-diffusion was confirmed by the curves in Figure 9 by15 of 19 determining the amount of hypochlorite ions in the NaCl feed compartment through the use of three different pairs of membranes. Figure 9. Back-diffusion curves: comparative study of the concentration of hypochlorite ions in the Figure 9. Back-diffusion curves: comparative study of the concentration of hypochlorite ions in the central NaCl compartment using different types of membranes under the same operating conditions central NaCl compartment using different types of membranes under the same operating conditions (constant flux, room temperature, J = 16.6 mA.cm−2, 4.5 < pH < 5.5). −2 Anodic (constant flux, room temperature, J = 16.6 mA.cm , 4.5 < pHAnodic < 5.5). This effect is remarkable when using porous composite membranes. In addition, with This effect is remarkable when using porous composite membranes. In addition, with our BN/PTFE membrane, the sum of the amount of hypochlorite ions produced at the our BN/PTFE membrane, the sum of the amount of hypochlorite ions produced at the anode and the part diffused in the feed chamber after 8 h of operation led us to obtain 11.4◦ −2 acnholdoreomanedtritchdeegpraeretadtirfofoumsetdeminpethraetufreewdicthamcubrerernatfdterns8ithy offJo=p1e6r.a6tmioAn.clmed u.s to obtain 11.4° chlorometric degree at room temperature with a current density of J = 16.6 mA.cm−2. Besides the physicochemical properties of the used membranes, the difference in hy- pochlorite ion yield by zero-gap electrolysis may be related to the chemical stability of the membranes used and their resistance to aggressive media during operation. Table 2 al- lows to evaluate the chemical resistance of the employed membranes. It shows the states of the different membranes after 8 h of operation. Table 2. Performance and state of the used membranes after electrolysis.PDF Image | Zero Gap Electrolysis Cell for Producing Bleach
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