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Table 2.1 Area Globally United States Canada Mexico 2.2.1 Diaphragm Cell Technology CHLORINE BASICS 5 Salt Water Electricit y Chlorine Caustic Hydrogen NaClH2Oe 12Cl2 NaOH12 H2 Figure 2.1. Basic Chlor-Alkali Chemical Reaction Equation Chlorine production for 2012 is estimated to be as follows: Chlorine Production Million Short Tons 69 11.4 0.6 0.3 Currently in North America, a large percentage of chlorine production is from diaphragm cell technology (Fig. 2.2). The products of this type of cell are chlorine gas, hydrogen gas, and cell liquor composed of sodium hydroxide and sodium chloride solution. A nearly saturated sodium chloride solution (brine) enters the diaphragm cell anode compartment and flows through the diaphragm to the cathode section. Chloride ions are oxidized at the anode to produce chlorine gas. Hydrogen gas and hydroxide ions are produced at the cathode. Sodium ions migrate across the diaphragm from the anode compartment to the cathode side to produce cell liquor containing 10% to 12% sodium hydroxide. Some chloride ions also migrate across the diaphragm resulting in the cell liquor containing 12 - 16% sodium chloride. The cell liquor is typically concentrated to 50% sodium hydroxide by an evaporation process. The salt recovered in the evaporation process is returned to the brine system for reuse. Figure 2.2 – Diaphragm Cell TechnologyPDF Image | Chlorine Basics 8
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