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Copyright © Tarek Kakhia. All rights reserved. http://tarek.kakhia.org that will dissolve gold. Upon dissolving gold in aqua regia, chlorine gas is released along with other nauseating and irritating gases, but this wasn't known until much more recently. Chlorine was first prepared and studied in 1774 by Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele, and therefore he is credited for its discovery . He called it "dephlogisticated muriatic acid air" since it was a gas ( then called " airs " ) and it came from hydro chloric acid ( then known as " muriatic acid " ) . However, he failed to establish chlorine as an element, mistakenly thinking that it was the oxide obtained from the hydrochloric acid . He named the new element within this oxide as muriaticum . Regardless of what he thought, Scheele did isolate chlorine by reacting MnO2 with HCl : 4 H Cl + Mn O2 → Mn Cl2 + 2 H2 O + Cl2 Scheele observed several of the properties of chlorine: the bleaching effect on litmus, the deadly effect on insects, the yellow green color, and the smell similar to aqua regia. Claude Berthollet suggested that Scheele's dephlogisticated muratic acid air must be a combination of oxygen and an undiscovered element, muriaticum . In 1809 Joseph Louis Gay - Lussac and Louis - Jacques Thénard tried to decompose dephlogisticated muratic acid air by reacting it with charcoal to release the free element muriaticum (and carbon dioxide) . They did not succeed and published a report in which they considered the possibility that dephlogisticated muratic acid air is an element, but were not convinced . In 1810, Sir Humphry Davy tried the same experiment again, and concluded that it was an element, and not a compound . He named this new element as chlorine, from the Greek word χλωρος ( chlōros ) , meaning green – yellow . The name halogen, meaning salt producer, was originally defined for chlorine ( in 1811 by Johann Salomo Christoph Schweigger), and it was later applied to the rest of the elements in this family. In 1822, Michael Faraday liquefied chlorine for the first time . 5PDF Image | Chlorine Characteristics
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