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Copyright © Tarek Kakhia. All rights reserved. http://tarek.kakhia.org Chlorine was first used to bleach textiles in 1785 . In 1826, silver chloride was used to produce photographic images for the first time . Chloroform was first used as an anesthetic in 1847 . Chlorine was first used as a germicide to prevent the spread of puerperal fever in the maternity wards of Vienna General Hospital in Austria in 1847 , and in 1850 by John Snow to disinfect the water supply in London after an out break of cholera. The US Department of Treasury called for all water to be disinfected with chlorine by 1918 . Poly vinyl chloride (PVC) was invented in 1912, initially without a purpose.[12] Chlorine gas was first introduced as a weapon on April 22 , 1915 at Ypres by the German Army , and the results of this weapon were disastrous because gas masks had not yet been invented. 4 . Production : 4 . 1 . Gas extraction : Chlorine can be manufactured by electrolysis of a sodium chloride solution ( brine ) . The production of chlorine results in the co - products caustic soda ( sodium hydroxide, NaOH) and hydrogen gas ( H2 ) . These two products, as well as chlorine itself, are highly reactive. Chlorine can also be produced by the electrolysis of a solution of potassium chloride, in which case the co - products are hydrogen and caustic potash ( potassium hydroxide ) . There are three industrial methods for the extraction of chlorine by electrolysis of chloride solutions, all proceeding according to the following equations : Cathode : 2 H+ (aq) + 2 e− → H2 (g) Anode : 2 Cl− (aq) → Cl2 (g) + 2 e− Over all process : 2 NaCl ( or KCl ) + 2 H2O → Cl2 + H2 + 2 NaOH ( or KOH ) Mercury cell electrolysis : Mercury cell electrolysis, also known as the Castner-Kellner process, was the first method used at the end of the nineteenth century 6PDF Image | Chlorine Characteristics
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