PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 010
Copyright © Tarek Kakhia. All rights reserved. http://tarek.kakhia.org dioxide ) , later by direct oxidation by air using the Deacon process ( in which case impurities capable of poisoning the catalyst had first to be removed ) , and subsequently absorbing the chlorine onto lime . Small amounts of chlorine gas can be made in the laboratory by putting concentrated hydrochloric acid in a flask with a side arm and rubber tubing attached. Manganese dioxide is then added and the flask stoppered. The reaction is not greatly exothermic. As chlorine is denser than air, it can be collected by placing the tube inside a flask where it will displace the air. Once full, the collecting flask can be stoppered . Another method for producing small amounts of chlorine gas in a lab is by adding concentrated hydrochloric acid ( typically about 5M ) to sodium hypochlorite or sodium chlorate solution. 4 . 3 . Industrial production Large - scale production of chlorine involves several steps and many pieces of equipment. The description below is typical of a membrane plant. The plant also simultaneously produces sodium hydroxide ( caustic soda ) and hydrogen gas. A typical plant consists of brine production/treatment, cell operations, chlorine cooling & drying, chlorine compression & liquefaction, liquid chlorine storage & loading, caustic handling, evaporation, storage & loading and hydrogen handling. Brine : Key to the production of chlorine is the operation of the brine saturation/treatment system. Maintaining a properly saturated solution with the correct purity is vital, especially for membrane cells. Many plants have a salt pile which is sprayed with recycled brine. Others have slurry tanks that are fed raw salt. The raw brine is partially or totally treated with sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and a flocculant to reduce calcium, magnesium and other impurities. The brine proceeds to a large clarifier or a filter where the impurities are removed. The total brine is 11PDF Image | Chlorine Characteristics
PDF Search Title:
Chlorine CharacteristicsOriginal File Name Searched:
Chlorine_17.Tarek_Kakhia.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Salgenx Redox Flow Battery Technology: Power up your energy storage game with Salgenx Salt Water Battery. With its advanced technology, the flow battery provides reliable, scalable, and sustainable energy storage for utility-scale projects. Upgrade to a Salgenx flow battery today and take control of your energy future.
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@salgenx.com (Standard Web Page)