logo

Chlorine Characteristics

PDF Publication Title:

Chlorine Characteristics ( chlorine-characteristics )

Previous Page View | Next Page View | Return to Search List

Text from PDF Page: 015

Copyright © Tarek Kakhia. All rights reserved. http://tarek.kakhia.org states, hydrochloric acid can be oxidized using manganese dioxide, or hydrogen chloride gas oxidized catalytically by air to form elemental chlorine gas. The solubility of chlorine in water is increased if the water contains dissolved alkali hydroxide. This is due to disproportionation : Cl2 + 2 OH− → Cl− + ClO − + H2O In hot concentrated alkali solution disproportionation continues: 2 Cl O − → Cl − + Cl O −2 Cl O − + Cl O −2 → Cl− + Cl O −3 Sodium chlorate and potassium chlorate can be crystallized from solutions formed by the above reactions. If their crystals are heated, they undergo the final disproportionation step. 4 Cl O −3 → Cl− + 3 Cl O − 4 This same progression from chloride to perchlorate can be accomplished by electrolysis. The anode reaction progression is: Reaction Cl − + 2 OH − → Cl O − + H2 O + 2 e − Electrode potential Cl O − + 2 OH − → Cl O −2 + H2 O + 2 e − + 0.89 volts Cl O −2 + 2 OH − → Cl O −3 + H2 O + 2 e − Cl O −3 + 2 OH − → Cl O −4 + H2 O + 2 e − + 0.67 volts + 0.33 volts + 0.35 volts Each step is accompanied at the cathode by 2 H2O + 2 e− → 2 OH− + H2 (− 0.83 volts) 6 . Applications and uses 6 . 1 . Production of industrial and consumer products Chlorine's principal applications are in the production of a wide range of industrial and consumer products . For example, it is used in making plastics, solvents for dry cleaning and metal degreasing, 15

PDF Image | Chlorine Characteristics

chlorine-characteristics-015

PDF Search Title:

Chlorine Characteristics

Original File Name Searched:

Chlorine_17.Tarek_Kakhia.pdf

DIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing

Salgenx Redox Flow Battery Technology: Power up your energy storage game with Salgenx Salt Water Battery. With its advanced technology, the flow battery provides reliable, scalable, and sustainable energy storage for utility-scale projects. Upgrade to a Salgenx flow battery today and take control of your energy future.

CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@salgenx.com | RSS | AMP