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Copyright © Tarek Kakhia. All rights reserved. http://tarek.kakhia.org textiles, agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals, insecticides, dyestuffs, household cleaning products, etc. 6 . 2 . Purification and disinfection Chlorine is an important chemical for water purification ( such as water treatment plants ) , in disinfectants, and in bleach. Chlorine in water is more than three times more effective as a disinfectant against Escherichia coli than an equivalent concentration of bromine, and is more than six times more effective than an equivalent concentration of iodine . Chlorine is usually used ( in the form of hypochlorous acid ) to kill bacteria and other microbes in drinking water supplies and public swimming pools. In most private swimming pools chlorine itself is not used , but rather sodium hypochlorite, formed from chlorine and sodium hydroxide, or solid tablets of chlorinated isocyanurates. Even small water supplies are now routinely chlorinated . It is often impractical to store and use poisonous chlorine gas for water treatment, so alternative methods of adding chlorine are used. These include hypochlorite solutions, which gradually release chlorine into the water, and compounds like sodium dichloro-s- triazinetrione ( dihydrate or anhydrous ) , sometimes referred to as " dichlor ", and trichloro - s - triazinetrione, sometimes referred to as " trichlor ". These compounds are stable while solid and may be used in powdered, granular, or tablet form. When added in small amounts to pool water or industrial water systems, the chlorine atoms hydrolyze from the rest of the molecule forming hypochlorous acid ( HOCl ) which acts as a general biocide killing germs, micro-organisms, algae, and so on. 6 . 3 . Chemistry Elemental chlorine is an oxidizer. It undergoes halogen substitution reactions with lower halide salts. For example, chlorine gas bubbled through a solution of bromide or iodide anions oxidizes them to bromine and iodine respectively . 16PDF Image | Chlorine Characteristics
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