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Copyright © Tarek Kakhia. All rights reserved. http://tarek.kakhia.org 6 . 1 . Pickling of steel One of the most important applications of hydrochloric acid is in the pickling of steel, to remove rust or iron oxide scale from iron or steel before subsequent processing, such as extrusion, rolling, galvanizing, and other techniques. Technical quality HCl at typically 18 % concentration is the most commonly used pickling agent for the pickling of carbon steel grades . Fe2 O3 + Fe + 6 H Cl → 3 Fe Cl2 + 3 H2O The spent acid has long been re-used as iron (II) chloride ( also known as ferrous chloride ) solutions, but high heavy - metal levels in the pickling liquor has decreased this practice. The steel pickling industry has developed hydrochloric acid regeneration processes, such as the spray roaster or the fluidized bed HCl regeneration process, which allow the recovery of HCl from spent pickling liquor. The most common regeneration process is the pyro hydrolysis process, applying the following formula : 4 Fe Cl2 + 4 H2O + O2 → 8 HCl+ 2 Fe2O3 By recuperation of the spent acid, a closed acid loop is established . The iron (III) oxide by - product of the regeneration process is valuable, used in a variety of secondary industries.[3] 6 . 2 . Production of organic compounds Another major use of hydro chloric acid is in the production of organic compounds such as vinyl chloride for PVC. This is often captive use, consuming locally produced hydro chloric acid that never actually reaches the open market. Other organic compounds produced with hydro chloric acid include bisphenol A for poly carbonate, activated carbon, and ascorbic acid, as well as numerous pharmaceutical products . 2CH2 =CH2 +4HCl+O2 →2ClCH2 CH2 Cl+2H2O ( vinyl chloride by oxy chlorination ) wood + HCl + heat → activated carbon ( chemical activation ) 29PDF Image | Chlorine Characteristics
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