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Copyright © Tarek Kakhia. All rights reserved. http://tarek.kakhia.org greatly affect permeability, and it is believed that Cl2 is responsible for this reaction . 5 . Mode of disinfectant action Escherichia coli exposed to hypo chlorous acid lose viability in less than 100 ms due to inactivation of many vital systems . Hypo chlorous acid has a reported LD50 of 0.0104 ppm - 0.156 ppm and 2.6 ppm caused 100 % growth inhibition in 5 minutes . However it should be noted that the concentration required for bactericidal activity is also highly dependent on bacterial concentration . 5 . 1 . Inhibition of glucose oxidation In 1948, Knox et al . proposed the idea that inhibition of glucose oxidation is a major factor in the bacteriocidal nature of chlorine solutions. He proposed that the active agent or agents diffuse across the cyto plasmic membrane to inactivate key sulfhydryl-containing enzymes in the glycolytic pathway. This group was also the first to note that chlorine solutions ( H OCl ) inhibit sulfhydryl enzymes. Later studies have shown that, at bacteriocidal levels, the cytosol components do not react with HOCl . In agreement with this, McFeters and Camper found that aldolase, an enzyme that Knox et al. proposes would be inactivated, was unaffected by H OCl in vivo. It has been further shown that loss of sulfhydryls does not correlate with inactivation . That leaves the question concerning what causes inhibition of glucose oxidation. The discovery that H OCl blocks induction of β - galactosidase by added lactose led to a possible answer to this question. The uptake of radio labeled substrates by both ATP hydrolysis and proton co-transport may be blocked by exposure to H OCl preceding loss of viability. From this observation, it proposed that H OCl blocks uptake of nutrients by inactivating transport proteins . The question of loss of glucose oxidation has been further explored in terms of loss of respiration. Venkobachar et al. found that succinic dehydrogenase was inhibited in vitro by H OCl, which led to the investigation of the possibility that disruption of electron transport could be the cause of bacterial inactivation. Albrich et al . subsequently found that H OCl destroys cyto chromes and iron- 38PDF Image | Chlorine Characteristics
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