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CHLORINE Chlorine was first isolated in 1774 by Scheele and for a long time it was thought to be a compound of oxygen. It was Davy in 1810 who first proposed that it was an element after unsuccessfully trying to prepare any oxygen containing compounds from it. He suggested the name chlorine for the element, from the Greek chloros meaning greenish-yellow, a reference to the colour of the gas. The main uses of chlorine are in the organic and inorganic chemical industries, the pulp and paper industry and in water purification. ELECTROLYSIS Over 90% of all industrial chlorine is produced by electrolysis, a process in which an electric current is passed through a brine solution. In its simplest form and electrolytic cell is as shown in Figure 1. Two plates, or electrodes, are inserted into a brine solution and connected to a DC power supply. The electrode connected to the negative terminal is called the cathode and the electrode connected to the positive terminal is called the anode. When the current passes, chlorine gas is liberated at the anode, hydrogen gas is liberated at the cathode and the electrolyte is gradually converted from sodium chloride to sodium hydroxide. The net result of the reaction can be written as: NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) = NaOH(aq) + 1⁄2H2(g) + 1⁄2Cl2(g) All of the products of this reaction are marketable and so should be as pure as possible - hence one reason for the initial purification of the brine. Quite apart from the poor energy efficiency of the simple cell, it possesses a number of other disadvantages which call for a more sophisticated design. Principal amongst these are: (a) It is difficult to collect the hydrogen and chlorine gases, (b) It is difficult to keep the hydrogen and chlorine gases apart. This could cause serious problems because they could react explosively with each other to form hydrogen chloride. (c) The electrolyte is a mixture of sodium chloride and sodium hydroxide which would need further treatment to separate the marketable sodium hydroxide. cl2 4PDF Image | CHLORINE Euro Eco Profile
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