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The amalgam can be readily decomposed with hot water and since the process is separate from the electrolytic cell, the sodium hydroxide is pure and can be obtain at commercial concentrations at this stage. Furthermore, since the hydrogen liberated during the decomposition is outside of the electrolytic cell, there is no possibility of any reaction between hydrogen and chlorine. saturated brine mercury inlet cathode anode depleted brine amalgam outlet Figure 3. Schematic diagram of a mercury cell. See text for explanation. During passage through the cell, the brine concentration is reduced by 10%- 15% of its initial value. The brine is regenerated by passing it through a suspension of solid sodium chloride. However, because of the continuous recycling, it is important that the resaturation plant also incorporates a further purification operation to prevent the build-up of impurities. In the sample of producers examined in this report, 68% were operating mercury cells, 12% were operating diaphragm cells and the remaining 20% operated membrane cells. The mix of products also varied from one operator to another. Most producers manufactured chlorine, sodium hydroxide and hydrogen. One producer however made no chlorine; all of it was converted to sodium hypochlorite. The quantities of hydrogen recovered for further use was variable, ranging from one producers who vented the whole of the hydrogen output to the atmosphere to one producer who recovered almost the whole stoichiometric amount. All operators of mercury cells also produced sodium hypochlorite. Smaller quantities of hypochlorite were produced by the operators of membrane cells but very little hypochlorite was manufactured by the operators of diaphragm cells. The production of the different products by the various routes are summarised in Table 1. cl2 7PDF Image | CHLORINE Euro Eco Profile
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