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However, the inclusion of hydrochloric acid introduces the possibility of chlorine gas (Cl2) evolution which poses a significant safety risk. Here, we present the first direct measurements of Cl2 generation in a mixed-acid VRFB. Under normal operating conditions, the Cl2 concentration can easily reach over 3% of the system headspace. Cl2 is generated electrochemically at the positive electrode as the system is charged beyond ~74% state of charge. We explore the impact of electrolyte chemistry, gas partial pressure, and mass transport limitations on Cl2 generation, and propose mitigation strategies. This fundamental analysis lays a foundation for assessing the risk of gas evolution in other Cl- containing electrolytes and avoiding incidents in fielded systems. Graphical Abstract: 2PDF Image | Chlorine Gas Generation in Mixed-Acid Vanadium Redox
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