PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 003
Many aqueous battery systems are currently under development for grid energy storage applications due to perceived safety relative to conventional Li-ion batteries with flammable organic electrolytes. Potential safety and reliability issues with aqueous systems are thus not the focus of significant research efforts. However, as has been recently highlighted, aqueous batteries can still undergo hazards such as gas evolution and thermal runaway.1, 2 One technology which may produce toxic gases is the mixed acid (MA) vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB), an all-vanadium system using an electrolyte composed of both sulfuric (H2SO4) and hydrochloric (HCl) acid. MA VRFBs were developed to improve the temperature range and energy density of VRFBs using only H2SO4. In this study, we provide the first fundamental assessment of gas evolution potential in MA VRFBs, which have recently advanced from the lab to fielded systems, and find that notable Cl2 generation is possible at states of charge as low as 74%. HCl was originally the only acid used in the supporting electrolyte for vanadium systems as it provided high energy density and temperature stability, but developers replaced it with H2SO4 due to high levels of Cl2 generation.3 Cl2 gas is highly toxic to humans and the environment (3 h exposure limit of 6 ppm) and can be highly reactive.4 Notably, Cl2 can undergo an exothermic reaction with hydrogen (H2) initiated by something as common as an electrical spark or ultraviolet-light5. MA electrolytes were thought to reduce the risk of Cl2 generation by reducing the amount of Cl- present in the system while still increasing energy density and upper temperature limit over H2SO4 -only electrolytes by 40% and 10 oC, respectively.6-11 One early study of the MA electrolyte looked for gas evolution via a pressure plate and used thermodynamic calculations to determine the possibility of Cl2 generation.11 This analysis 3PDF Image | Chlorine Gas Generation in Mixed-Acid Vanadium Redox
PDF Search Title:
Chlorine Gas Generation in Mixed-Acid Vanadium RedoxOriginal File Name Searched:
gas-evolution-vanadium-redox.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Salgenx Redox Flow Battery Technology: Power up your energy storage game with Salgenx Salt Water Battery. With its advanced technology, the flow battery provides reliable, scalable, and sustainable energy storage for utility-scale projects. Upgrade to a Salgenx flow battery today and take control of your energy future.
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@salgenx.com | RSS | AMP |