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The 20kWh system was designed, built, and cycled in 1976 and early 1977 as part of RP226-2 (22-1). Upon completion of RP226-2, this system became part of the battery testing program. As described in Section 23, a thorough evaluation of its design wasmadewhichresultedinsomeminorchangestothebatterystack. Basedon measurements of parasitic currents (inter-cell leakage) and corrosion currents (chlorine diffusion to the zinc electrode), further improvements in battery perfor mance were realized. More importantly, the information obtained from the detailed evaluation of this system was applied to the design of the 45kWh modules. The 8.3kWh submodules, six of which form the battery stack in the 45kWh module, were used to evaluate both the engineering aspects and electrochemical operation of the 45kWh battery system. The evaluation techniques used on these submodules were similar to those used on the 20kWh battery. The testing of these submodules is discussed in Section 24. The 1.7kWh battery with porous-graphite chlorine electrodes was built in 1976 (22-2). Testing of this system was fully automated in early 1977 when installation of a microprocessor-based control system was successfully completed. This control sys tem has greatly increased the cycling rate on the system and the enhanced cycling reliability has encouraged the use of statistical techniques to evaluate battery performance in a limited testing program. To attest to the success of the micro processor, a total of 446 cycles were accumulated during Phase I of the current EPRI program, for a total of 500 cycles. The average energy efficiency was 63.9% + 1.0%. The performance of this system during Phase I is discussed in Section 25. A IkWh battery system with ruthenia-catalyzed porous-titanium chlorine electrodes was built and successfully tested in 1975 (22-3). In 1976, the delivered energy was increased to 1.4kWh (22-4). As described in Section 26, this battery system accumulated 188 cycles in 1977 for a total of 323 cycles with an average energy efficiency of 67.3%. The hardwired-logic controller on this system has failed and testing has been voluntarily terminated. To supplement the data from batteries on life test, two single cells are also on life test (22-5). These single cells started operation in 1975 and were the first cells to be placed on life test. The significance of these cells was initially due to their accumulation of cycles, but this significance has been greatly diminished with the automation of the 1.7kWh battery which also uses porous graphite as the chlorine-electrode material. Data for these cells is presented in Section 27. 22-2PDF Image | Development of the Zinc-Chlorine Battery for Utility
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