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Section 34 ELECTROLYTIC ACTIVATION OF POROUS-GRAPHITE CHLORINE ELECTRODES INTRODUCTION The electrochemical energy efficiency of the zinc-chlorine battery is dependent upon the voltaic efficiency of the battery. Hence, any increase in electro chemical activity of the chlorine electrode will be realized as increased energy efficiency of the entire battery. Until recently, the electrochemical activity of the chlorine electrode was enhanced or improved by a thermal nitric-acid treatment. In this process, porous-graphite chlorine electrodes are heated in a nitric acid bath at n,ll2°C, for 10 to 21 days, depending on the degree of activity required. Although electrodes treated for longer periods of time perform better voltaically, this increase must be weighed against the increased time and cost, and a weakening of the electrode. The degree of weakening depends upon processing time. Certain inherent weaknesses in this process are apparent. Processing large numbers of electrodes for the larger batteries would necessitate the purchase of processing equipment and facilities. The process also increases probability of damage during battery assembly as handling of the weaker, activated electrodes is necessary. In light of these facts, it has long been a goal of the EDA-EPRI program and the goal of this project to find an activation process which could be accomplished in an assembled battery. Development of such a process would preclude the large ex penditure of capital and the handling of "activated" electrodes. Much work has been directed in recent years toward this end. The only feasible process to date is electrolysis. This consists of passing an electric current through an electrode (anode) in an appropriate electrolyte. The only applicable electrolyte known prior to this study has been nitric acid. 34-1PDF Image | Development of the Zinc-Chlorine Battery for Utility
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