PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 167
However, there are certain disadvantages to using nitric acid. Contamination problems associated with filling the battery with nitric acid are obvious. More over, the chlorine electrodes are noted to bow; warping to the point of short- circuiting the cell if electrolysis is not terminated at the appropriate time. This warping is due to electrode growth, postulated to be caused by intercalation of a species from the nitric acid into the graphite lattice of the electrode (34-1). During 1977, a breakthrough in electrolytic activation was accomplished. It was found that if dilute aqueous zinc chloride is used as the electrolyte and if the electrolysis time is increased by an order of magnitude over the nitric acid- electrolytic technique, electrolytic activationis possiblewhich is voltaically equivalent to that using nitric acid. The contamination problems are eliminated. More importantly, very little electrode growth occurs when the dilute ZnCl^ electrolyte is used. This breakthrough naturally resulted in a more extensive study of electrolytic processing techniques. A relationship between electrode polarization and degree 2 of electrolytic activation (processing expressed in mAh/cm ) was shown to exist. Other processing baths were shown to be viable alternatives to the dilute zinc chloride initially employed, thereby demonstrating processing flexibility. After extensive testing in small cells had demonstrated excellent repeatability, scaling-up of the process to a more convincing demonstration-size battery-unit was successfully accomplished. For this exercise a larger single-cell with electrodes of the same design as those of the 50kWh battery program was activated and cycled. The two end combs from an 8.3kWh submodule were used to form a 0.83kWh cell. The voltaic performance of this unit convincingly demonstrated the feasibility and practicality of the process. Studies into the nature or source of the enhanced voltaic performance of processed electrodes have been an on-going major concern for some time. Obviously a basic understanding of the effect could have major impact on the ZnCl^ battery program. During Phase I a correlation was found between voltaic performance and electrode surface area (by B.E.T. measurements). These electrode treatments, as expected, were thereby shown to be a form of controlled corrosion. Although the study is by no means complete, the data available at present does allow for the first time for definitive judgements to be made about the nature of the active chlorine electrode. 34-2PDF Image | Development of the Zinc-Chlorine Battery for Utility
PDF Search Title:
Development of the Zinc-Chlorine Battery for UtilityOriginal File Name Searched:
6302789.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Salgenx Redox Flow Battery Technology: Power up your energy storage game with Salgenx Salt Water Battery. With its advanced technology, the flow battery provides reliable, scalable, and sustainable energy storage for utility-scale projects. Upgrade to a Salgenx flow battery today and take control of your energy future.
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@salgenx.com | RSS | AMP |