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Voltaic Performance of the 0.83kWh Unit Cell Figure 34-9 shows a typical set of working-cell polarization curves after activation with the initial "unactivated" curves superimposed. The voltaic performance of the activated unit cell approximates that demonstrated during the above process develop ment in small test cells. After activation the cell was flow-through rinsed on a deionized-water line, i.e. water is forced through the chlorine electrode in the same manner as electrolyte during normal cell operation. Some particulate graphite was evident in the cell. However, less graphite was noted than in the smaller test cells after activation. The cell was then cycled three times for voltaic evaluation of the electrodes, removed from the sump, and rinsed again. During this rinse more, as much as ten times more, loose graphite was observed in the rinse water than initially after activation. The cell was then cycled for evaluation four more times, rinsing after each cycle. Almost no particulate matter was observed in the rinse water after these cycles. 2 Polarization curves generated after activation were close, within 20mV at 40mA/cm , to those predicted by tests made in smaller cells. Although the difficulties encountered with system operation may have had some influence on the measured vol taic performance, simple cell experience has shown that the effect would be minimal with activated electrodes. Charge and discharge polarization curves from Figure 34-9 indicate that the voltaic efficiency of the cell increased from 0.84 before activation to 0.92 after activa- 2 tion, calculated using a charging current density of 45mA/cm and a discharging current 2 density of 40mA/cm . These efficiencies would naturally be higher at the lower charge and discharge current densities proposed for the 50kWh battery. After tests were concluded, the cell was dismantled and the electrodes were visually inspected. No physical damage was apparent. The chlorine electrodes were as strong physically as before activation. The only obvious change was the normal darker coloring of the active (unmasked) area of the chlorine electrodes that always accompanies increased electrochemical activity with this electrolytic process. 34-11PDF Image | Development of the Zinc-Chlorine Battery for Utility
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