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Wetting. Wetting of the graphite was found to be sensitive to electrode processing and, to a lesser degree, operational time in the working cell environment. To be more specific, the electrolyte head of a few cm, associated with virgin PG-60 was observed to decrease significantly after processing to less than 1cm. The improvement with time for unprocessed PG-60 has not been monitored carefully, and a precise value is not available. Although improved wetting does result, significant voltaic improvement is not realized. The Active Chlorine Electrode. These measurements, when viewed in conjunction with improved voltaic performance, have led to the conceptual view of the activated elec trode presentedin Figure 34-12.The B.E.T. surface area measurements allow the theorization that an increase in surface area has been realized. Although the depth to which the increase occurs is not known precisely, it appears at the least to be limited to the top 10% (<0.008in) for the electrolytic process. After machin ing off this facial layer, the decrease in performance was not as extensive as might be expected. The improved wetting of the electrode also must be considered a significant contributing factor. SPECIMEN FROM ELECTROLYTIC PROCESS THERMAL HN03 PROCESS HIGHLY ACTIVE SURFACE LAYER — BULK MATRIX HIGHLY ACTIVE SURFACE LAYER SURFACE LAYER Figure 34-12. A conceptual view of the active-chlorine electrode. With the electrolytic process, the formation of a more active, higher surface-area layer is limited to the electrode-face only. 34-16PDF Image | Development of the Zinc-Chlorine Battery for Utility
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