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Statement of the Problem Oxygen production rates at the low pH levels of 0.0 to 0.7 currently used in the zinc-chlorine battery operation have not been accurately determined, but are known to be less than 0.01%. The oxygen is, therefore, not considered a rate-determining inert for definition of the problem. It has been grouped with the CO^ since it is within the range of uncertainty expected for the production rates of CO^. The methods selected must be applicable to removal of the with the CO^. Carbon dioxide is evolved during normal operation of the battery system as a by product of oxidation of the battery graphite. The volumetric rate of CO^ evolution ohcharge has been measured as 0.1% of thechlorine rate for a freshly machined "new" graphite cell, and 0.02% to 0.04% of the chlorine rate in cells that have been electrochemically worked for several cycles. The CO^ rate during discharge has not been well established but is estimated to be 20% to 30% of the rate during charge. If allowed to accumulate within the battery system, the CO^ will reach concentrations 3 of 4.3% to 8.6% of the total gas in the projected gas space volumes of 2 ft by the end of the first charge cycle. Concentrations above 2% to 3% interfere with the hydrate formation process during charge, and with chlorine dissolution during dis charge, Deleterious effects on battery operation could, therefore, be expected to begin to appear during the first charge cycle. The expected time of appearance is determined by battery design specifics and predicted by mathematical modeling of the system in studies not yet complete. Separation of inerts from the chlorine is considered necessary. This is technically feasible because numerous possible methods are available to separate a purged stream of gases from the battery. The optimum scheme conceivably could utilize more than one method. However, the design of a practical device will require selection of methods which do not consume excessive parasitic power, do not result in excessive chlorine loss, are inherently reliable, and are not excessive in cost. Because compatibility of materials with the nascent chlorine is required for reliability, close attention must be given to the concepts selected from the standpoint of the practicality of device design. Methods requiring high speed rotating parts or difficult valve design, for example, must be considered less desirable from this standpoint than methods which do not. The gas purge could be conducted on either a steady state or intermittent basis. The purge rate to a removal device necessary to maintain acceptable CC>2 concentrations in the battery can be estimated using the range of expected CC>2 generation rates, the projected gas volumes for future battery systems, and the allowable CO 36-2PDF Image | Development of the Zinc-Chlorine Battery for Utility
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