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INTRODUCTION Section 37 HYDROGEN EVOLUTION IN ZINC-CHLORINE BATTERIES Hydrogen evolution is a major concern in the zinc-chlorine battery for several reasons. Its presence causes zinc electrode inefficiency and minor difficulties in battery operation. In previous years, hydrogen evolution has been an inter mittent problem in the zinc-chlorine battery. During Phase I, a major effort in the development program was directed toward identifying the major causes of hydro gen evolution on the zinc electrode. A technique using a zinc-to-zinc transfer plating cell was developed for evaluating metallic impurities in the electrolyte. Using this technique, the effects of electrolyte composition are being investi gated in a continuing program. In addition to metallic impurities acting as hydrogen promoters on zinc, chlorine- electrode degradation products were established as a source of electrolyte con tamination. Although the degradation products have not been identified, they are believed to be partially-oxidized water-soluble mellitic acid-type by-products of graphite oxidation. The exact conditions leading to the production of these by products have not been thoroughly investigated but the available information indi cates electrolyte pH is the primary factor. This section describes in detail the behavior of the zinc-transfer plating cell, the results of the metallic impurity testing program, and the experiments which demonstrate electrolyte contamination from the chlorine electrode. The results of this work will enable EDA to specify electrolyte purity to outside suppliers and will help to establish operational controls for the zinc-chlorine battery. 37-1PDF Image | Development of the Zinc-Chlorine Battery for Utility
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