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The same tests were repeated the following day. However, the electrolyte in cell 3A was changed and again the pH was adjusted to one. The performance of cells 0 and 1A remained unchanged while both the carbon dioxide and hydrogen evolution in cell 3A increased. The results for cell 3A were replicated a third time and the cell was then cycled for three days with a very acidic electrolyte. Following the acidic cycling, the cell was operated under normal conditions and its performance returned to an acceptable level. The testsdemonstrate that the battery may produce its own contaminants. As stated earlier, these contaminants have not been identified but their source is traceable to the chlorine electrode. The results in Table 37-8 suggest an induction period of about 4 hours before the occurrence of significant increases in hydrogen evolution. At about the same time, the carbon dioxide level also increases. No appreciable oxygen evolution was detected. The limited information presented here indicates a reproducible contamination mechanism, but an explanation supported by experimental data is not yet available. DISCUSSION The information in this section dealt principally with contaminant effects at the zinc electrode and the efficiency of zinc deposition under various conditions. The zinc transfer plating cell has proven to be a valuable tool for investigating the effects of metallic contaminants. It is expected that this technique with further refinements will be used for fundamental studies, as well as for impurity evaluations. Hydrogen evolution due to the presence of impurities is a readily accepted result. However, hydrogen suppression due to impurities requires detailed experimental proof and, hopefully, a mechanism. The rotating zinc electrode information will be used to establish a purity specifi cation for the electrolyte. In conjunction with this, analytical procedures and purification techniques are being developed both to detect and remove impurities regarded as detrimental. The verification of the chlorine electrode as a source of contamination leading to hydrogen evolution confirms an old speculation. The temperature and pH effects have been used to establish operating guidelines to insure stable battery performance. As proof of the usefulness of this program it should be pointed out that no prob lems with hydrogen evolution have been encountered since mid-1977. 37-16PDF Image | Development of the Zinc-Chlorine Battery for Utility
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