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The experimental setup is shown in Figure 2. A 2.5 liter ZnCl2 (2M) solution was circulated through a flow meter and the cell using a Kynar pump with a teflon gear (EDA modified micropump). The flow rate was 60 ml/min. The evolved Cl was stripped during the charging by nitrogen bubbling throughout the experiment. Prior to each experiment the pH was adjusted by adding HC1 and nitrogen was bubbled to remove oxygen and remaining dissolved chlorine. The charging time 2 was adjusted so that the amount of electricity was always the same, 0.080 A Hr/cm . The zinc deposits were peeled gently off the graphite substrate, washed thoroughly, dried and weighed. The ZnCl^ concentration was 2M and is some cases KC1 and NaCl supporting electrolytes were added in order to reduce the ohmic resistance. Insome.cases the ZnCl2 concentration was reduced down to 0.5 M. During the discharging, Cl2 gas was bubbled through the electrolyte reservoir and fed to the cell with the flowing ZnCl^ solution. The discharging lasted until the cell was completely exhausted and all the Zn deposit was redissolved. The reference electrode consisted of a Zn rod or SCE placed in a separate compartment filled with the cell's ZnCl2 solution. The reference electrode compartment was connected to the cell by a tube, and by small holes in the interelectrode spacing. The tops of the holes were located in the middle of the gap between the two graphite electrodes. The overpotentials were corrected for ohmic drop using the conductivities of the solutions. The current was applied by an Udylite PC-10 constant current power supply. The potentials were measured by a Keithley 600 A electrometer and recorded on a multichannel recorder (Honeywell Electronik 194) for the entire charging and dis charging of the cell. The amount of electricity passed was measured by an EDA digital coulometer and agreed well with the current-time measurements. The rotating graphite disk electrode consists of a teflon support rod and a central dense graphite electrode (ATJ Union Carbide). The central graphite electrode was embedded in the teflon rod. The diameter of the graphite electrode was 0.95 cm and the diameter of the teflon rod was 1.9 cm. The rotator was a Pine Instrument ASR rotator with a rotational speed of 0 to 10,000 rpm. The surface of the electrode was polished with waterproof Al2°3 PaPer ant^ a fine paper using the rotator (o)=4,000 rpm). A-4PDF Image | Development of the Zinc-Chlorine Battery for Utility
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