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INTRODUCTION Well over a year ago the Herrick Labs had been working with an independent industrial laboratory on a load leveling concept for electric utilities. This independent research laboratory with a very specific knowledge benefited from the specialized heat transfer knowledge and capabilities of the Herrick Laboratories. Utilizing the experience of a retired engineering executive to work with Professor Leidenfrost and the two graduate students has been a very rewarding experience to all parties and is an asset in the operation of the Herrick Laboratories. Energy storage and retrieval is becoming increasingly important in industrial ized nations due to increasing costs and the fluctuating demands for electrical power. Peak power demands {essentially daytime power) are increasing faster than the off-hour (late night-early morning) demand. Building base-load power plants does not always offer the best solution for meeting an area's energy requirements. The situation could be improved considerably if base-load equipment could operate at full capacity on a continuous basis. To do this, an energy storage system is required. Ideally, the storage system would absorb all the excess energy delivered by the plant, during periods of low demand, and then return the energy to the system as the demand increases. An attractive approach to energy storage and retrieval is the use of batteries. Batteries have been in existence for nearly 200 years and their value has long been recognized in low energy applications. The utilization of such devices for load leveling applications is once again receiving considerable attention. To be used for load leveling, the economics, reliability, efficiency, life expectancy, safety and environmental aspects of large battery systems must be competitive with other alternatives. For example, the stored water at Ludington, Michigan owned by Detroit Edison and Consumer Power has an efficiency of 66% power utilization. Present concepts of the battery indicate four major components: the zinc electrode, the chlorine electrode, aqueous zinc chloride electrolyte, and a chlorine storage system where a chiller is required. B-lPDF Image | Development of the Zinc-Chlorine Battery for Utility
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