PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 001
materials Article Electrochemical Mechanism of Molten Salt Electrolysis from TiO2 to Titanium Xianghai Meng 1, Hongmei Zhao 1, Sheng Bi 1, Zilai Ju 1, Zhenming Yang 1, Yu Yang 2, Hui Li 2 and Jinglong Liang 2,* 1 2 * Correspondence: ljl@ncst.edu.cn Abstract: Electrochemical mechanisms of molten salt electrolysis from TiO2 to titanium were investi- gated by Potentiostatic electrolysis, cyclic voltammetry, and square wave voltammetry in NaCl-CaCl2 at 800 ◦C. The composition and morphology of the product obtained at different electrolysis times were characterized by XRD and SEM. CaTiO3 phase was found in the TiO2 electrochemical re- duction process. Electrochemical reduction of TiO2 to titanium is a four-step reduction process, which can be summarized as TiO2→Ti4O7→Ti2O3→TiO→Ti. Spontaneous and electrochemical reactions take place simultaneously in the reduction process. The electrochemical reduction of TiO2→Ti4O7→Ti2O3→TiO affected by diffusion was irreversible. Keywords: TiO2; molten salt; electrochemical reduction; electrochemical mechanism 1. Introduction Titanium is considered a rare metal because it is dispersed in nature and difficult to extract. However, it is relatively abundant, ranking tenth among all elements. Titanium ore mainly ilmenite and rutile, widely distributed in the earth’s crust and lithosphere. Titanium and its alloys have been widely used in aerospace, national defense, ocean, energy, transportation, medical, and other fields due to its advantages of low density, high specific strength, good heat resistance, and corrosion resistance [1–3]. Therefore, titanium has a “21st century metal”, “all-round metal”, and “modern metal” reputation [4]. Due to titanium and oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and other elements have a strong affinity, making the titanium production process complex, a long process with high energy consumption and high cost, limiting the application of titanium in many industries. In order to reduce the production cost of titanium, researchers continue to improve the traditional process and develop new extraction methods. At present, Kroll process is the most important industrial process for titanium production. However, the complex process, long process, high energy consumption, and high cost limit the application of titanium in many industries [5,6]. In order to reduce the production cost of titanium, researchers have developed many new processes, among which the molten salt electrolysis method has attracted a lot of attention worldwide because of its characteristics of short process, low energy consumption, and simple process [7–12]. Using alkaline metal or alkaline earth metal salt as electrolyte, TiO2 as cathode, and graphite as anode, titanium was prepared by direct electrodeoxidation of TiO2 in the molten salt electrolysis method. Titanium can be obtained in one-step reduction process [13,14]. At present, the electrochemical method has already been intensely studied in preparation of alloys [15–19] and carbides [20]. In order to clarify the deoxidation process of TiO2 in molten salt electrolysis, the preparation of titanium by direct electro-deoxidation of TiO2 in NaCl-CaCl2 binary molten Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tangshan Polytechnic College, Tangshan 063299, China; xianghaimeng@163.com (X.M.); tsgzyzhm523721@163.com (H.Z.); b_shinney@126.com (S.B.); jzl-sky@163.com (Z.J.); sciwztg@163.com (Z.Y.) Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Modern Metallurgy Technology, College of Metallurgy and Energy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China; 18332602809@163.com (Y.Y.); lh@ncst.edu.cn (H.L.) Citation: Meng, X.; Zhao, H.; Bi, S.; Ju, Z.; Yang, Z.; Yang, Y.; Li, H.; Liang, J. Electrochemical Mechanism of Molten Salt Electrolysis from TiO2 to Titanium. Materials 2022, 15, 3956. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ma15113956 Academic Editor: Liang Zhou Received: 4 May 2022 Accepted: 31 May 2022 Published: 2 June 2022 Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affil- iations. Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). Materials 2022, 15, 3956. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15113956 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/materialsPDF Image | Electrochemical Mechanism of Molten Salt Electrolysis
PDF Search Title:
Electrochemical Mechanism of Molten Salt ElectrolysisOriginal File Name Searched:
materials-15-03956.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Salgenx Redox Flow Battery Technology: Power up your energy storage game with Salgenx Salt Water Battery. With its advanced technology, the flow battery provides reliable, scalable, and sustainable energy storage for utility-scale projects. Upgrade to a Salgenx flow battery today and take control of your energy future.
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@salgenx.com | RSS | AMP |