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lab, we’re going to start by using electrolysis to split water molecules (H2O) into hydrogen and oxygen gas. Incidentally, an electrolytic cell is the exact opposite of a chemical battery (see the Juice Battery Lab). In a battery, the oxidation and reduction reactions occur spontaneously to suck electrons out of one electrode and pump electrons into the other. This process forces current to flow, and so the battery becomes a source of electricity. In an electrolytic cell, we supply the power driving the current with an external battery and use that to force a chemical reaction to occur. Part 1 – Electrolysis of water In this section, you will use electricity to split apart water molecules! 1. Set a) b) c) d) e) f) g) up the electrolysis apparatus as shown in the picture. Pierce two round holes in the bottom of a plastic cup. (Figure 1a) Sharpen two wooden pencils on both ends (after pulling off the eraser). Insert the pencils into the holes in the cup. Here should be about 1 inch of each pencil sticking into the cup. Pack modeling clay around the pencils, both outside and inside the bottom of the cup to make a watertight seal. Make sure the cup can hold water without leaking. (Figure 1b) Mark the side of the cup next to one pencil as (+) and the other side as (–) Cut one side off a shoebox. Pierce two holes in the top of the shoebox and insert the pencils, so that the cup can sit on top of the box. (Figure 1c) Connect an alligator clip to the bottom of each pencil (Figure 1d). The other ends of the wires will be used to connect to the battery, but do not attach the battery yet. 2. Initial test of apparatus with water. a) Pour enough bottled water into the cup to cover the pencil leads. b) Connect the alligator clips to the two terminals of the battery Q1. What, if anything, do you observe around the pencil leads? Most likely nothing will be seen, or else very few bubbles. 3. Mix up an electrolyte solution (a solution of charged particles) by stirring together: Created by LABScI at Stanford 3PDF Image | Electrolysis splitting water
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