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Procedure (during class) 1. Read the following passage to the students (This passage also appears on the student's science journal): Electrolysis is a technique used by scientists to separate a compound or molecule into its component parts. By adding electricity to water and providing a path for the different particles to follow, the water can be separated into hydrogen and oxygen. In this experiment you will be taking a sample of salt water and add a flow of electricity to it (the electrolysis). You will see the hydrogen and oxygen bubbling up. 2. Divide the students into lab groups of 3 - 4 students per group. Give the students an overview of what they will be doing. Then break it down into smaller steps, explain each procedure and have the groups work simultaneously. The students will: • Accordion-fold each piece of aluminum foil down the long way so that you have two pieces approximately 1 cm x 6 cm. These are going to be your electrodes • Press each electrode flat • Bend the top 1 cm of each electrode over to act as a hanger • Dissolve salt into water at the ratio of one teaspoon salt for each 50 ml of water. Stir to dissolve the salt • Hang the electrodes on the inside of the bowl so that they hang down into the water. They should hang a couple inches apart--do not let them touch during the experiment. Add more salt water if necessary • Attach one end of each wire to the hanger of your electrode • Attach the other end of each wire to your photovoltaic panel or a battery. Make a note which electrode is attached to the positive and which is attached to the negative terminal of your battery • If using photovoltaics, take your electrolysis device outside into the Sun. 3. Assist students as needed during the experiment. 4. Lead a discussion on the student’s observations and the significance of their observation. Points to cover may include: • The process that they observed was the breaking apart of the molecules of water (by using electrical energy) into its parts: hydrogen and oxygen • The chemical formula for water is H2O (students may have heard this previously and not understood what it meant). Explain that it means that water is a molecule that is a combination of hydrogen and oxygen. The two means that there are two atoms of hydrogen to every atom of oxygen • The hydrogen and oxygen produced were gases. (Can water be a gas also? How?) • The process that they observed could be reversed. Oxygen and hydrogen can be combined to produce water and electricity. The apparatus used to do this is called a fuel cell. • Hydrogen is used as a combustible fuel on the Space Shuttle, and can also be used to make electricity with a fuel cell. 5. Students should complete the questions in their Science Journal Florida Solar Energy Center Electrolysis of Water / Page 2PDF Image | Electrolysis of Water US DOE
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