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114 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION Laboratory Section ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION OF SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE.* By CHARLES POTTER HOOVER, Assistant Chemist, Water Purification Works, Columbus, Ohio. So much has been said and written about the use of hypochlorite, and so many cities and towns have adopted it for disinfecting their water supplies, that we seem to be living now in the age of hypochlorite. From the very beginning of this movement many chemists and engin- eers have felt that the public would object to the application of bleaching powder to their water supply, and also knowing some of the disagreeable featuresincidenttoitsuse,feltthattheveryuniqueandattractivemethod of passing an electric current through salt water would not only overcome al aesthetic objections to the disinfection of public water supplies, but would offer a clean, cheap and attractive method of purification. Calcium hypochlorite, the active constituent of bleaching powder, has, however, been almost universally adopted in preference to the sodium- hypochloriteproducedelectrolyticaly,forthereasonthatno electrolyzer has been put on the market that has proven itself successful from an economical standpoint,forwater purificationat least,and any new process, no matter how ingenious or unique, must be able to produce a better product, or the same product at a less cost, before it can hope to supplant older and tried out methods. Charles Watt was the first chemist to discover (1851) that hypochlorite solutionscouldbeproducedbyelectrolysis. Theelectrolyticproduction ofhypochloritethenremaineddormantuntil1884. Sincethattimea number of celshave been developed, but the originalreactions and prin- ciples are the same as patented by Watt and the electrolyzers that have beendevelopedsincedifferonlyinpointsofconstruction. There are two general types of electrolyzers for dissociating sodium chloride. Inonethecathodicandanodicproductsareallowedtorecom- bine in the main body of the electrolyte and in the other, known as the diaphragmprocess,theproductsareremovedseparatelyfrom thecelas produced. * ReadbeforetheLaboratorySectionoftheAmericanPublicHealthAssociation,Milwaukee,Septem- ber,1910.PDF Image | ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION OF SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE
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