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GREEN HYDROGEN COST REDUCTION Hence, the basic principle of a water electrolysis cell consists of two electrodes separated by an electrolyte. The electrolyte is the media responsible for transporting the generated chemical charges (anions (-) or cations (+)) from one electrode to the other. In the alkaline type, the electrolyte responsible for transporting the OH- anions is typically a highly concentrated potassium hydroxide solution. The electrodes and produced gases are physically separated by a porous inorganic diaphragm (also called a separator) that is permeable to the KOH solution. In PEM, AEM, and solid oxide electrolysers, the electrodes are separated by an electron-insulating solid electrolyte, which is responsible for transporting ions from one electrode to the other and at the same time physically separating the produced gases.Forthese,thereisnoneedtoaddaliquid electrolyte solution, and the ion transport happens within the PEM, AEM or solid oxide component. Table 1 summarizes the operating conditions and the most important components for the four types of electrolysers. The coloured cells represent conditions or components with significant variation from different manufacturers or R&D institutions. In this respect, it also gives a sense of the less mature technologies, which is clear for the AEM and solid oxide types. Table 1. Characterisation of the four types of water electrolysers. Alkaline PEM AEM Solid Oxide Yttria-stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) Solid electrolyte (above) Coarse Nickel-mesh or foam None None Operating temperature Operating pressure Electrolyte Separator Electrode / catalyst (oxygen side) Electrode / catalyst (hydrogen side) Porous transport layer anode Porous transport layer cathode Bipolar plate anode Bipolar plate cathode Frames and sealing 70-90 °C 50-80 °C Potassium PFSA membranes hydroxide (KOH) 5-7 molL-1 ZrO2 stabilized with Solid electrolyte PPS mesh (above) Platinum coated sintered porous titanium < 35 bar 700-850 °C 1-30 bar < 70 bar 1 bar DVB polymer support with KOH or NaHCO3 1molL-1 Solid electrolyte (above) Perovskite-type (e.g. LSCF, LSM) Ni/YSZ Nickel coated perforated stainless steel Iridium oxide High surface area Nickel or NiFeCo alloys Nickel coated perforated stainless steel Platinum nanoparticles on carbon black High surface area nickel Nickel mesh (not always present) Nickel foam Nickel mesh Sintered porous titanium or carbon cloth Nickel foam or carbon Cloth Nickel-coated Platinum-coated stainless steel titanium Nickel-coated stainless steel PSU, PTFE, EPDM PTFE, PSU, ETFE PTFE, Silicon Nickel-coated stainless steel Gold-coated titanium Nickel-coated Stainless steel Cobalt-coated stainless steel 32 Note: Coloured cells represent conditions or components with significant variation among different companies. PFSA = Perfluoroacidsulfonic; PTFE = Polytetrafluoroethylene; ETFE = Ethylene Tetrafluorethylene; PSF = poly (bisphenol-A sulfone); PSU = Polysulfone; YSZ = yttriastabilized zirconia; DVB = divinylbenzene; PPS = Polyphenylene sulphide; LSCF = La0.58Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ; LSM = (La1-xSrx)1-yMnO3; § = Crofer22APU with co-containing protective coating. Based on IRENA analysis. 40-60 °C Ceramic glassPDF Image | GREEN HYDROGEN SCALING UP ELECTROLYSERS
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